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Optimizing in vitro regeneration from Iranian native dwarf rootstock of apple "Malus Domestica Borkh cv Gami Almasi" Mahdi Rustaei _{1, 2}, Sonbol Nazeri†₁, Morteza Ghadimzadeh₃, Mohammad Ali Malboobi₄ †1-

Biotechnology Department of bu-ali sina Universityof Hanedan , Iran 2- Horticulture Department of Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Iran 3-Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department of Agriculture Faculty, Urmia University, Iran 4-National Research Center for Genetic engineering & Biotechnology (NRCGEB), Tehran, Iran 

ABSTRACT: The regeneration potential is different among cultivars and must be optimized for individual genotype. Regeneration of adventitious shoots from native dwarf rootstock of apple (Malus Domestica Borkh cv Gami Almasi) was optimized for first time. Shoot regeneration step is a critical factor in apple Agrobacterium mediated transformation. In this experiment a protocol for direct organogenesis from leaf of in vitro grown shoots obtained from apple CV Gami Almasi. Two regeneration medium with MS, N6 compounds and various combinations of BA and NAA were used. Also two leaf and callus tissue used for regeneration tests. MS medium was better than N6 for shoot regeneration and optimum phythohormons concentrations were achieved in 7/5mg/l BA and 2mg/l NAA. Shoots that regenerated were obtained only from leaf, and callus didn't regenerate any shoot. Shoots usually regenerated without callus mediated from leaves. Highest percentage of shoot regeneration from leaf with 93.75% in MS medium was achieved. Key word: Apple, Dwarf Rootstock, Gami Almasi and Regeneration

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